<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<br>
<div class="moz-forward-container">Epidemiologist Katelyn Jetelina
just sent this out. This is the best summary on getting the new
Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID vaccines that I've seen so far.
For those who just want the bottom line, I've pasted in brief
highlights.--Manny<br>
<div class="moz-forward-container"> <br>
Brief highlights:<br>
<br>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;
margin: 0 0 1em 0; margin-top: 0;">"This fall, everyone should
get a bivalent COVID-19 booster. And, really, that’s all you
need to know: Get a vaccine. Any bivalent vaccine. This fall.</p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;
margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><span>But, yes, we </span><em>can </em><span>use
scientific data to optimize timing and, thus, protection. </span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 8px; margin-right:
0; margin-top: 4px; mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height:
26px; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><strong><2-3 months
since infection/vaccination: </strong><span>Wait.</span></p>
</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 8px; margin-right:
0; margin-top: 4px; mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height:
26px; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><strong>3-4 months
since infection/vaccination:</strong><span> Consider a
booster if you’re high risk, or have an event. (Get your
booster 2 weeks before this event for optimal
protection).</span></p>
</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 8px; margin-right:
0; margin-top: 4px; mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height:
26px; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><strong>4-6 months
since infection/vaccination: </strong><span>Get your
booster at some point.</span></p>
</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 8px; margin-right:
0; margin-top: 4px; mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height:
26px; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><strong>6+ months
since infection/vaccination:</strong><span> Get your
booster ASAP. This includes me—I haven’t been infected,
and I had my booster last November.</span><br>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
If you’ve only had an entire Moderna series, you may see
marginal benefit from getting a Pfizer bivalent booster (and
vice versa)."
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">"Fight for the things that you care about, but do it
in a way that will lead others to join you."
― Ruth Bader Ginsburg </pre>
<div class="moz-forward-container"><br>
<br>
-------- Forwarded Message --------
<table class="moz-email-headers-table" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">Subject:
</th>
<td>Considerations for your fall booster</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">Date:
</th>
<td>Fri, 2 Sep 2022 13:55:09 +0000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">From:
</th>
<td>Katelyn Jetelina from Your Local Epidemiologist <a
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:yourlocalepidemiologist@substack.com"
moz-do-not-send="true"><yourlocalepidemiologist@substack.com></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">Reply-To:
</th>
<td>Katelyn Jetelina from Your Local Epidemiologist <a
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:reply+16inwn&a13t&&1224da3bf1b5ac7dd10ce04cccefede0c1fd6dafde667cdffb13d201f84c701b@mg1.substack.com"
moz-do-not-send="true"><reply+16inwn&a13t&&1224da3bf1b5ac7dd10ce04cccefede0c1fd6dafde667cdffb13d201f84c701b@mg1.substack.com></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">To:
</th>
<td><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:manny@ratafias.com"
moz-do-not-send="true">manny@ratafias.com</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<title>Considerations for your fall booster</title>
<style>
@media all and (-ms-high-contrast: none), (-ms-high-contrast: active) {
.typography .markup table.image-wrapper img,
.typography.editor .markup table.image-wrapper img,
.typography .markup table.kindle-wrapper img,
.typography.editor .markup table.kindle-wrapper img {
max-width: 550px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.typography .markup iframe.spotify-wrap,
.typography.editor .markup iframe.spotify-wrap,
.typography .markup a.spotify-wrap,
.typography.editor .markup a.spotify-wrap {
width: auto !important;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.typography .markup div.youtube-wrap div.youtube-screen,
.typography.editor .markup div.youtube-wrap div.youtube-screen,
.typography .markup div.vimeo-wrap div.youtube-screen,
.typography.editor .markup div.vimeo-wrap div.youtube-screen {
display: none !important;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
.typography .markup div.tiktok-wrap,
.typography.editor .markup div.tiktok-wrap {
width: calc(95vw - 32px);
height: calc((95vw - 32px - 2px) / 0.485714);
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.typography .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-publication.show-subscribe,
.typography.editor .markup div.embedded-publication-wrap .embedded-publication.show-subscribe {
padding: 28px 24px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe,
.typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe,
.typography .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe,
.typography.editor .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe {
padding: 28px 24px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.typography .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
.typography.editor .markup div.subscription-widget-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
.typography .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button,
.typography.editor .markup div.captioned-button-wrap .subscription-widget.show-subscribe .subscription-widget-subscribe .button {
padding: 10px 12px;
min-width: 110px;
}
}
@media print {
.typography .markup .button-wrapper,
.typography.editor .markup .button-wrapper {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.typography .markup .apple-podcast-container,
.typography.editor .markup .apple-podcast-container {
width: unset;
}
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
.typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-embed-img,
.typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed img.install-substack-app-embed-img {
margin: 0 auto 16px auto;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 420px) and (max-width: 525px) {
.typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-text,
.typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-text {
max-width: calc(100% - 100px);
width: initial;
}
}
@media (max-width: 420px) {
.typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-text,
.typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-text {
margin: 0 0 12px 0;
max-width: 100%;
width: auto;
text-align: center;
}
}
@media (max-width: 525px) {
.typography .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-link,
.typography.editor .markup .install-substack-app-embed .install-substack-app-embed-link {
margin-top: 16px;
width: 100%;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
.share-button-container {
height: 38px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
.share-button-container a.comment {
height: 38px;
line-height: 38px;
padding-right: 10px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
.share-button-container .separator {
display: block;
margin: 0;
height: 8px;
border-left: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
.share-button-container a.share.first img {
padding-left: 0;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
.share-button-container a.mobile {
display: none !important;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.social-media-share-preview__description {
-webkit-line-clamp: 2;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 1000px) {
.congrats-box {
flex-direction: column;
}
.congrats-box .congrats-box-right {
margin-left: 38px;
margin-top: 16px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 500px) {
.congrats-box {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
.settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-container {
padding: 36px;
height: 680px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
.settings-add-pub-modal-wrapper .container .add-recommending-pub-modal-container .footer {
position: absolute;
bottom: 36px;
margin: 0px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 540px) {
.subscribe-dialog-pill.shown.mobile {
bottom: 20px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
.post {
padding: 32px 0 0 0;
}
}
@media print {
@page {
margin: 16mm;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.post .post-header .meta-author-wrap.alternative-meta .meta-right-column .post-meta {
margin-top: 6px;
}
}
@media print {
.post .post-footer {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.post .post-footer.use-separators {
justify-content: center;
margin: 0 -16px;
padding: 0;
gap: 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.post .post-footer.next-prev {
height: 64px;
justify-content: space-between;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
}
@media print {
.post .post-end-cta-full {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table {
display: block;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-table-row {
display: flex;
flex-direction: row;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-userhead-cell,
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell {
display: block;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-cell {
flex-grow: 1;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table {
display: block;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-body-table-row {
display: block;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell,
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell {
display: block;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-copy-cell {
margin: 0 0 16px 0;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls-cell {
width: auto;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls {
margin: auto;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-controls .button.primary {
width: 100%;
}
.post-contributor-footer .post-contributor-bio-text {
font-size: 14px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
.post-silhouette {
padding: 16px 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.post-silhouette .post-silhouette-title {
margin-top: 10.44225025px;
height: 120px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta {
width: 75%;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.post-silhouette .post-silhouette-meta.with-byline-image {
margin: 20px 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item,
.post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item {
padding-right: 16px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
.use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item,
.post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item {
font-size: 14px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.use-theme-bg .post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-publication,
.post-meta.alternative-meta .post-meta-item.guest-author-publication {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
.post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button {
height: 36px !important;
}
.post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button .meta-button-label {
display: none;
}
.post-meta .post-meta-item .post-meta-button > svg {
margin-right: 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 370px) {
.post-meta .post-meta-item {
font-size: 12px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.post-preview > .post-preview-content .post-preview-meta {
margin-top: 12px 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.post-preview > .post-preview-image {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.post-preview-silhouette .post-preview-silhouette-image {
display: none;
}
}
@media print {
.use-theme-bg .post p,
.use-theme-bg .post h1,
.use-theme-bg .post h2,
.use-theme-bg .post h3,
.use-theme-bg .post h4,
.use-theme-bg .post h5,
.use-theme-bg .post h6 {
color: #000;
}
.use-theme-bg .post p a,
.use-theme-bg .post h1 a,
.use-theme-bg .post h2 a,
.use-theme-bg .post h3 a,
.use-theme-bg .post h4 a,
.use-theme-bg .post h5 a,
.use-theme-bg .post h6 a {
color: #00f;
}
}
@media print {
.use-theme-bg .post a.ui-secondary a {
color: #00f;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.post .floating-subscribe-button {
bottom: 20px;
right: 20px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 840px) {
.header-with-anchor-widget .header-anchor-widget .header-anchor-widget-button-container {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 500px) {
body .header a.logo {
width: 42px;
height: 42px;
border-radius: 8px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 420px) {
body .subscription-receipt table:first-of-type .subscription-amount .subscription-discount {
width: 72px !important;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 481px) {
body .share-button-container {
height: auto;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
body .share-button-container .separator {
display: block !important;
margin: 0 !important;
height: 8px !important;
border-left: none !important;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
body .footer {
outline: 8px solid #f5f5f5 !important;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.digest .item .post-meta-item.audience {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 500px) {
.digest-publication .logo img {
width: 42px;
height: 42px;
border-radius: 4px;
}
}
@media print {
.comments-page .container .thread-head p,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h1,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h2,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h3,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h4,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h5,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h6 {
color: #000;
}
.comments-page .container .thread-head p a,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h1 a,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h2 a,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h3 a,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h4 a,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h5 a,
.comments-page .container .thread-head h6 a {
color: #00f;
}
}
@media print {
.comments-page .container .thread-head a.ui-secondary a {
color: #00f;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.comments-page .container .comment-list .collapsed-reply {
margin-left: 17px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.comment > .comment-list {
padding-left: 25px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.finish-magic-login-modal .modal-content .container {
padding: 24px 0;
}
}
@media (max-width: 500px) {
.reader2-text-b3 {
line-height: 22px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.reader2-text-h4 {
line-height: 22px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
.user-profile-modal {
padding-left: 12px;
padding-right: 12px;
}
}
@media print {
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head p,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h1,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h2,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h3,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h4,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h5,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h6 {
color: #000;
}
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head p a,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h1 a,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h2 a,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h3 a,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h4 a,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h5 a,
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head h6 a {
color: #00f;
}
}
@media print {
.use-theme-bg table.thread-head a.ui-secondary a {
color: #00f;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.subscribe-widget form.form .sideBySideWrap button.rightButton {
padding: 10px 12px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
.pub-icon:hover .logo-hover,
.feed-item-icon:hover .logo-hover {
display: block;
}
}
@media print {
.mobile-footer-ufi {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
.file-embed-wrapper {
padding: 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
.file-embed-wrapper-editor {
padding: 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
.file-embed-wrapper-editor:active {
padding: 0;
}
}
@media only screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.file-embed-button.wide,
.file-embed-error-button.wide {
display: none;
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 630px) {
.file-embed-button.narrow,
.file-embed-error-button.narrow {
display: none;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
.audio-player-wrapper .audio-player {
min-width: 500px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress {
border-left-width: 16px;
border-right-width: 16px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.audio-player-wrapper .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-player-progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup {
top: -54px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress {
border-left-width: 16px;
border-right-width: 16px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-progress .audio-player-progress-bar .audio-player-progress-bar-popup {
top: -54px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 250px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player {
padding: 32px;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
display: flex;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:last-of-type {
display: block;
}
}
@media (min-width: 300px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
display: block;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-type {
display: block;
}
}
@media (min-width: 350px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo {
display: block;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-title {
margin-top: 16px;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-container {
padding-top: 15%;
width: 15%;
display: block;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-type {
display: block;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-substack-logo {
display: block;
}
}
@media (min-width: 350px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-container {
padding-top: 25%;
width: 25%;
display: block;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
display: flex;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button:first-of-type {
display: block;
}
}
@media (min-width: 400px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-container {
padding-top: 40%;
width: 40%;
}
}
@media (max-width: 400px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group {
margin-top: 12px;
}
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .btn-group .button {
font-size: 13px;
padding: 6px 12px;
height: auto;
margin-top: 10px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 600px) {
.audio-player-wrapper-fancy .audio-player .audio-player-hero-image-container {
padding-top: 55%;
width: 55%;
}
}
@media (max-width: 620px) {
.poll-editor-modal {
min-width: calc(100% - 20px);
}
}
@media (max-width: 750px) {
.poll-embed .poll-anchor-target .poll-anchor-copy-button {
left: 8px;
top: 45px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 541px) {
.poll-embed .poll-wrapper.poll-web .poll-dialog .modal-table .modal-row .modal-content > .container {
width: 552px;
padding: 26px 24px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.poll-embed .poll-wrapper.poll-web .poll-dialog .modal-table .modal-row .modal-content > .container {
padding: 40px 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.poll-embed .poll-wrapper.poll-web .poll-dialog .modal-row .modal-cell .modal-exit-btn {
margin-right: -20px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 631px) {
.sm\:tw-relative {
position: relative !important;
}
.sm\:tw-my-8 {
margin-top: 2rem !important;
margin-bottom: 2rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-mx-0 {
margin-left: 0px !important;
margin-right: 0px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-ml-0 {
margin-left: 0px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-mt-0 {
margin-top: 0px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-ml-3 {
margin-left: 0.75rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-mb-0 {
margin-bottom: 0px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-mb-1 {
margin-bottom: 0.25rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-block {
display: block !important;
}
.sm\:tw-inline-block {
display: inline-block !important;
}
.sm\:tw-flex {
display: flex !important;
}
.sm\:tw-hidden {
display: none !important;
}
.sm\:tw-h-screen {
height: 100vh !important;
}
.sm\:tw-h-56 {
height: 14rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-max-h-\[60vh\] {
max-height: 60vh !important;
}
.sm\:tw-w-auto {
width: auto !important;
}
.sm\:tw-w-full {
width: 100% !important;
}
.sm\:tw-w-56 {
width: 14rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-w-\[500px\] {
width: 500px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-max-w-lg {
max-width: 32rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-max-w-none {
max-width: none !important;
}
.sm\:tw-translate-y-0 {
transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)) !important;
}
.sm\:tw-scale-95 {
transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)) !important;
}
.sm\:tw-scale-100 {
transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)) !important;
}
.sm\:tw-flex-row-reverse {
flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}
.sm\:tw-items-start {
align-items: flex-start !important;
}
.sm\:tw-gap-3 {
gap: 0.75rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-gap-4 {
gap: 1rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-gap-5 {
gap: 1.25rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-gap-1 {
gap: 0.25rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-gap-2 {
gap: 0.5rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-space-y-0 > :not([hidden]) ~ :not([hidden]) {
margin-top: calc(0px * calc(1 - var(--tw-space-y-reverse))) !important;
margin-bottom: calc(0px * var(--tw-space-y-reverse)) !important;
}
.sm\:tw-border {
border-width: 1px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-p-0 {
padding: 0px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-p-6 {
padding: 1.5rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-px-6 {
padding-left: 1.5rem !important;
padding-right: 1.5rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-py-2 {
padding-top: 0.5rem !important;
padding-bottom: 0.5rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-pb-4 {
padding-bottom: 1rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-pb-16 {
padding-bottom: 4rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-text-left {
text-align: left !important;
}
.sm\:tw-align-middle {
vertical-align: middle !important;
}
.sm\:tw-text-sm {
font-size: 0.875rem !important;
line-height: 1.25rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-text-4xl {
font-size: 2.25rem !important;
line-height: 2.5rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-font-medium {
font-weight: 500 !important;
}
.sm\:tw-text-pub-secondary-text {
color: #767676 !important;
}
.sm\:tw-opacity-70 {
opacity: 0.7 !important;
}
.sm\:hover\:tw-opacity-100:hover {
opacity: 1 !important;
}
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.md\:tw-left-auto {
left: auto !important;
}
.md\:tw-bottom-4 {
bottom: 1rem !important;
}
.md\:tw-right-4 {
right: 1rem !important;
}
.md\:tw-w-3\/4 {
width: 75% !important;
}
.md\:tw-pl-4 {
padding-left: 1rem !important;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-direction-mobile-column--QEQMb {
flex-direction: column;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-direction-mobile-row--2covw {
flex-direction: row;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-direction-mobile-row-reverse--_Acue {
flex-direction: row-reverse;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-direction-mobile-column-reverse--1tk_j {
flex-direction: column-reverse;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-justify-mobile-start--10Ck6 {
justify-content: flex-start;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-justify-mobile-space-between--1thWz {
justify-content: space-between;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-justify-mobile-center--1ELDq {
justify-content: center;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-justify-mobile-end--3qfew {
justify-content: flex-end;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-align-mobile-start--Am1pD {
align-items: flex-start;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-align-mobile-end--wM4Mu {
align-items: flex-end;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-align-mobile-center--1HtZR {
align-items: center;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-0--17zPw {
gap: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-4--36m7v {
gap: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-6--2dloA {
gap: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-8--2qVaY {
gap: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-12--uXb6B {
gap: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-16--2onFW {
gap: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-20--1OKrw {
gap: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-24--6_4Ii {
gap: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-32--17QXx {
gap: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-40--14OJ6 {
gap: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-80--3KL2w {
gap: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-120--1oBaT {
gap: 120px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-0--L4Hki {
padding: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-4--94nEz {
padding: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-6--nqbPK {
padding: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-8--3akLr {
padding: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-12--3AwxE {
padding: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-16--1PnOi {
padding: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-20--3AlKM {
padding: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-24--dHZyP {
padding: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-32--18S6A {
padding: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-40--qHCzi {
padding: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-80--3oPgN {
padding: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-120--3raVs {
padding: 120px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-0--27NtC {
padding-top: 0;
padding-bottom: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-4--MA3SC {
padding-top: 4px;
padding-bottom: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-6--2ktNk {
padding-top: 6px;
padding-bottom: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-8--1-xgA {
padding-top: 8px;
padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-12--1Gxu1 {
padding-top: 12px;
padding-bottom: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-16--2Bn9G {
padding-top: 16px;
padding-bottom: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-20--1MnDX {
padding-top: 20px;
padding-bottom: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-24--21eSI {
padding-top: 24px;
padding-bottom: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-32--3LxMP {
padding-top: 32px;
padding-bottom: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-40--2qUAb {
padding-top: 40px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-80--35tU1 {
padding-top: 80px;
padding-bottom: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-120--3VE_R {
padding-top: 120px;
padding-bottom: 120px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-0--PtkwN {
padding-left: 0;
padding-right: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-4--1dhXj {
padding-left: 4px;
padding-right: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-6--3hOc- {
padding-left: 6px;
padding-right: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-8--26X3h {
padding-left: 8px;
padding-right: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-12--HLyv5 {
padding-left: 12px;
padding-right: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-16--T3Ne1 {
padding-left: 16px;
padding-right: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-20--25-W6 {
padding-left: 20px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-24--3LP_L {
padding-left: 24px;
padding-right: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-32--1-AbR {
padding-left: 32px;
padding-right: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-40--1tqgI {
padding-left: 40px;
padding-right: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-80--3R7LV {
padding-left: 80px;
padding-right: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-120--23ON4 {
padding-left: 120px;
padding-right: 120px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-0--25R3Q {
padding-top: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-4--3St0o {
padding-top: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-6--21NCF {
padding-top: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-8--3wg7- {
padding-top: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-12--3e1OP {
padding-top: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-16--3-j4R {
padding-top: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-20--1mFOS {
padding-top: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-24--3xBqY {
padding-top: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-32--1FA3j {
padding-top: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-40--1UTqL {
padding-top: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-80--1kmzV {
padding-top: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-120--IzR2I {
padding-top: 120px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-0--22yvu {
padding-bottom: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-4--3iYzN {
padding-bottom: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-6--1IU78 {
padding-bottom: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-8--1OnEN {
padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-12--2Z3YP {
padding-bottom: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-16--1O52g {
padding-bottom: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-20--1qjA7 {
padding-bottom: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-24--3F6_c {
padding-bottom: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-32--1Pl16 {
padding-bottom: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-40--16dfR {
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-80--2egWl {
padding-bottom: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-120--36GGe {
padding-bottom: 120px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading1--2faSI.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading1--2faSI {
font-size: 44px;
line-height: 54.56px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading2--3kVJM.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading2--3kVJM {
font-size: 32px;
line-height: 33.79px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading3--3VbJ0.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading3--3VbJ0 {
font-family: Cahuenga, serif;
font-size: 28px;
line-height: 34.72px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingQuote--1DD9-.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingQuote--1DD9- {
font-size: 28px;
line-height: 35px;
}
}
@media (max-width: var(--nav-bp-2)) {
.frontend-reader2-Page-module__linkRow--1QoCL.frontend-reader2-Page-module__isPadded--Gbh4N {
padding: var(--size-12) 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.frontend-components-prompts-WriterShareModal-module__toast--wc1bo {
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
.frontend-lib-ProfileSetupToast-module__headerRow--17w27 {
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-substack-MarketingBenefits-module__image--2QUft {
max-width: 320px;
width: 100%;
}
.frontend-substack-MarketingBenefits-module__text--SaPmW {
width: 100%;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-substack-MarketingFaq-module__question--2rUpu {
padding-right: 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-substack-MarketingHero-module__hero--3h-vI {
padding-top: 164px;
padding-bottom: 80px;
height: auto;
}
.frontend-substack-MarketingHero-module__heroInnerRow--2eFw1 {
height: auto;
}
.frontend-substack-MarketingHero-module__heroImg--bOtm8 {
max-width: 342px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__home--28JuV section h2 {
margin-top: 80px;
font-size: 44px;
line-height: 54.56px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__writerList--1rikY {
padding: 0 24px 80px 24px;
gap: 80px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__writerList--1rikY > div {
margin-top: 0;
gap: 80px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__readingExperiences--1gQwI {
padding: 0 24px 80px 24px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__readingExperiences--1gQwI > div {
gap: 80px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__readingExperience--3sCWK {
max-height: 100px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__expandCollapseButton--3UjfI {
top: 34px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.frontend-substack-PublicationThreadAppLinkPage-module__threadsLinkContainer--3JR5W {
width: calc(100vw - 80px);
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.frontend-account-groups-GroupManagement-module__groupSubWrapper--OIOo2 {
width: 100%;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 500px) {
.frontend-reader2-ManageSubscriptionPage-module__highlightRow--1lIkl.frontend-reader2-ManageSubscriptionPage-module__withPlans--3KhSk {
align-items: start;
flex-direction: column;
}
.frontend-reader2-ManageSubscriptionPage-module__highlightButtons--1lIV5 {
flex-direction: column;
width: 100%;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 631px) {
.frontend-editor-post-AudioEducationModal-module__modalContainer--3-T0R {
height: 524px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
.frontend-publish-stats-pages-reader_referrals_stats-reader_referrals_stats-module__popoverWrapper--3Gh5i {
display: none;
}
}
@media not all and (min-resolution: 0.001dpcm) {
}
@media (min-width: 631px) {
.sm\:tw-relative {
position: relative !important;
}
.sm\:tw-my-8 {
margin-top: 2rem !important;
margin-bottom: 2rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-mx-0 {
margin-left: 0px !important;
margin-right: 0px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-ml-0 {
margin-left: 0px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-mt-0 {
margin-top: 0px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-ml-3 {
margin-left: 0.75rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-mb-0 {
margin-bottom: 0px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-mb-1 {
margin-bottom: 0.25rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-block {
display: block !important;
}
.sm\:tw-inline-block {
display: inline-block !important;
}
.sm\:tw-flex {
display: flex !important;
}
.sm\:tw-hidden {
display: none !important;
}
.sm\:tw-h-screen {
height: 100vh !important;
}
.sm\:tw-h-56 {
height: 14rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-max-h-\[60vh\] {
max-height: 60vh !important;
}
.sm\:tw-w-auto {
width: auto !important;
}
.sm\:tw-w-full {
width: 100% !important;
}
.sm\:tw-w-56 {
width: 14rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-w-\[500px\] {
width: 500px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-max-w-lg {
max-width: 32rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-max-w-none {
max-width: none !important;
}
.sm\:tw-translate-y-0 {
transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)) !important;
}
.sm\:tw-scale-95 {
transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)) !important;
}
.sm\:tw-scale-100 {
transform: translate(var(--tw-translate-x), var(--tw-translate-y)) rotate(var(--tw-rotate)) skewX(var(--tw-skew-x)) skewY(var(--tw-skew-y)) scaleX(var(--tw-scale-x)) scaleY(var(--tw-scale-y)) !important;
}
.sm\:tw-flex-row-reverse {
flex-direction: row-reverse !important;
}
.sm\:tw-items-start {
align-items: flex-start !important;
}
.sm\:tw-gap-3 {
gap: 0.75rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-gap-4 {
gap: 1rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-gap-5 {
gap: 1.25rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-gap-1 {
gap: 0.25rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-gap-2 {
gap: 0.5rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-space-y-0 > :not([hidden]) ~ :not([hidden]) {
margin-top: calc(0px * calc(1 - var(--tw-space-y-reverse))) !important;
margin-bottom: calc(0px * var(--tw-space-y-reverse)) !important;
}
.sm\:tw-border {
border-width: 1px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-p-0 {
padding: 0px !important;
}
.sm\:tw-p-6 {
padding: 1.5rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-px-6 {
padding-left: 1.5rem !important;
padding-right: 1.5rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-py-2 {
padding-top: 0.5rem !important;
padding-bottom: 0.5rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-pb-4 {
padding-bottom: 1rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-pb-16 {
padding-bottom: 4rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-text-left {
text-align: left !important;
}
.sm\:tw-align-middle {
vertical-align: middle !important;
}
.sm\:tw-text-sm {
font-size: 0.875rem !important;
line-height: 1.25rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-text-4xl {
font-size: 2.25rem !important;
line-height: 2.5rem !important;
}
.sm\:tw-font-medium {
font-weight: 500 !important;
}
.sm\:tw-text-pub-secondary-text {
color: #767676 !important;
}
.sm\:tw-opacity-70 {
opacity: 0.7 !important;
}
.sm\:hover\:tw-opacity-100:hover {
opacity: 1 !important;
}
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {
.md\:tw-left-auto {
left: auto !important;
}
.md\:tw-bottom-4 {
bottom: 1rem !important;
}
.md\:tw-right-4 {
right: 1rem !important;
}
.md\:tw-w-3\/4 {
width: 75% !important;
}
.md\:tw-pl-4 {
padding-left: 1rem !important;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-direction-mobile-column--QEQMb {
flex-direction: column;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-direction-mobile-row--2covw {
flex-direction: row;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-direction-mobile-row-reverse--_Acue {
flex-direction: row-reverse;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-direction-mobile-column-reverse--1tk_j {
flex-direction: column-reverse;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-justify-mobile-start--10Ck6 {
justify-content: flex-start;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-justify-mobile-space-between--1thWz {
justify-content: space-between;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-justify-mobile-center--1ELDq {
justify-content: center;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-justify-mobile-end--3qfew {
justify-content: flex-end;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-align-mobile-start--Am1pD {
align-items: flex-start;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-align-mobile-end--wM4Mu {
align-items: flex-end;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-align-mobile-center--1HtZR {
align-items: center;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-0--17zPw {
gap: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-4--36m7v {
gap: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-6--2dloA {
gap: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-8--2qVaY {
gap: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-12--uXb6B {
gap: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-16--2onFW {
gap: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-20--1OKrw {
gap: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-24--6_4Ii {
gap: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-32--17QXx {
gap: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-40--14OJ6 {
gap: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-80--3KL2w {
gap: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__flex-gap-mobile-120--1oBaT {
gap: 120px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-0--L4Hki {
padding: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-4--94nEz {
padding: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-6--nqbPK {
padding: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-8--3akLr {
padding: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-12--3AwxE {
padding: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-16--1PnOi {
padding: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-20--3AlKM {
padding: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-24--dHZyP {
padding: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-32--18S6A {
padding: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-40--qHCzi {
padding: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-80--3oPgN {
padding: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-mobile-120--3raVs {
padding: 120px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-0--27NtC {
padding-top: 0;
padding-bottom: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-4--MA3SC {
padding-top: 4px;
padding-bottom: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-6--2ktNk {
padding-top: 6px;
padding-bottom: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-8--1-xgA {
padding-top: 8px;
padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-12--1Gxu1 {
padding-top: 12px;
padding-bottom: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-16--2Bn9G {
padding-top: 16px;
padding-bottom: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-20--1MnDX {
padding-top: 20px;
padding-bottom: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-24--21eSI {
padding-top: 24px;
padding-bottom: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-32--3LxMP {
padding-top: 32px;
padding-bottom: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-40--2qUAb {
padding-top: 40px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-80--35tU1 {
padding-top: 80px;
padding-bottom: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-y-mobile-120--3VE_R {
padding-top: 120px;
padding-bottom: 120px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-0--PtkwN {
padding-left: 0;
padding-right: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-4--1dhXj {
padding-left: 4px;
padding-right: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-6--3hOc- {
padding-left: 6px;
padding-right: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-8--26X3h {
padding-left: 8px;
padding-right: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-12--HLyv5 {
padding-left: 12px;
padding-right: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-16--T3Ne1 {
padding-left: 16px;
padding-right: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-20--25-W6 {
padding-left: 20px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-24--3LP_L {
padding-left: 24px;
padding-right: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-32--1-AbR {
padding-left: 32px;
padding-right: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-40--1tqgI {
padding-left: 40px;
padding-right: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-80--3R7LV {
padding-left: 80px;
padding-right: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-x-mobile-120--23ON4 {
padding-left: 120px;
padding-right: 120px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-0--25R3Q {
padding-top: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-4--3St0o {
padding-top: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-6--21NCF {
padding-top: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-8--3wg7- {
padding-top: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-12--3e1OP {
padding-top: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-16--3-j4R {
padding-top: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-20--1mFOS {
padding-top: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-24--3xBqY {
padding-top: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-32--1FA3j {
padding-top: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-40--1UTqL {
padding-top: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-80--1kmzV {
padding-top: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-top-mobile-120--IzR2I {
padding-top: 120px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-0--22yvu {
padding-bottom: 0;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-4--3iYzN {
padding-bottom: 4px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-6--1IU78 {
padding-bottom: 6px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-8--1OnEN {
padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-12--2Z3YP {
padding-bottom: 12px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-16--1O52g {
padding-bottom: 16px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-20--1qjA7 {
padding-bottom: 20px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-24--3F6_c {
padding-bottom: 24px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-32--1Pl16 {
padding-bottom: 32px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-40--16dfR {
padding-bottom: 40px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-80--2egWl {
padding-bottom: 80px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-common-module__padding-bottom-mobile-120--36GGe {
padding-bottom: 120px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading1--2faSI.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading1--2faSI {
font-size: 44px;
line-height: 54.56px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading2--3kVJM.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading2--3kVJM {
font-size: 32px;
line-height: 33.79px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading3--3VbJ0.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingHeading3--3VbJ0 {
font-family: Cahuenga, serif;
font-size: 28px;
line-height: 34.72px;
}
.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingQuote--1DD9-.frontend-pencraft-Text-module__marketingQuote--1DD9- {
font-size: 28px;
line-height: 35px;
}
}
@media (max-width: var(--nav-bp-2)) {
.frontend-reader2-Page-module__linkRow--1QoCL.frontend-reader2-Page-module__isPadded--Gbh4N {
padding: var(--size-12) 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.frontend-components-prompts-WriterShareModal-module__toast--wc1bo {
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
.frontend-lib-ProfileSetupToast-module__headerRow--17w27 {
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-substack-MarketingBenefits-module__image--2QUft {
max-width: 320px;
width: 100%;
}
.frontend-substack-MarketingBenefits-module__text--SaPmW {
width: 100%;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-substack-MarketingFaq-module__question--2rUpu {
padding-right: 0;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-substack-MarketingHero-module__hero--3h-vI {
padding-top: 164px;
padding-bottom: 80px;
height: auto;
}
.frontend-substack-MarketingHero-module__heroInnerRow--2eFw1 {
height: auto;
}
.frontend-substack-MarketingHero-module__heroImg--bOtm8 {
max-width: 342px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 630px) {
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__home--28JuV section h2 {
margin-top: 80px;
font-size: 44px;
line-height: 54.56px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__writerList--1rikY {
padding: 0 24px 80px 24px;
gap: 80px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__writerList--1rikY > div {
margin-top: 0;
gap: 80px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__readingExperiences--1gQwI {
padding: 0 24px 80px 24px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__readingExperiences--1gQwI > div {
gap: 80px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__readingExperience--3sCWK {
max-height: 100px;
}
.frontend-substack-home_page-module__expandCollapseButton--3UjfI {
top: 34px;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.frontend-substack-PublicationThreadAppLinkPage-module__threadsLinkContainer--3JR5W {
width: calc(100vw - 80px);
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 540px) {
.frontend-account-groups-GroupManagement-module__groupSubWrapper--OIOo2 {
width: 100%;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 500px) {
.frontend-reader2-ManageSubscriptionPage-module__highlightRow--1lIkl.frontend-reader2-ManageSubscriptionPage-module__withPlans--3KhSk {
align-items: start;
flex-direction: column;
}
.frontend-reader2-ManageSubscriptionPage-module__highlightButtons--1lIV5 {
flex-direction: column;
width: 100%;
}
}
@media screen and (max-width: 631px) {
.frontend-editor-post-AudioEducationModal-module__modalContainer--3-T0R {
height: 524px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
.frontend-publish-stats-pages-reader_referrals_stats-reader_referrals_stats-module__popoverWrapper--3Gh5i {
display: none;
}
}
</style><img
src="https://mailgun.substack.com/api/v1/email/open?token=eyJtIjoiPDIwMjIwOTAyMTM1NTA5LjMuZDNmYTkzMDJkNDE0ZjM0NEBtZy1kMS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20-IiwidSI6NDY3OTkzLCJyIjoibWFubnlAcmF0YWZpYXMuY29tIiwiZCI6Im1nLWQxLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSIsInAiOjcxNDE0NjYzLCJ0IjoibmV3c2xldHRlciIsImEiOiJldmVyeW9uZSIsInMiOjI4MTIxOSwiYyI6InBvc3QiLCJmIjp0cnVlLCJwb3NpdGlvbiI6InRvcCIsImlhdCI6MTY2MjEyNjkzNSwiZXhwIjoxNjY0NzE4OTM1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImVvIn0.2ORvclHbma3f_ZFrbfqo7qUcdjvWFXVL2uSgKr2fTqs"
alt="" style="height:1px !important;width:1px
!important;border-width:0 !important;margin-top:0
!important;margin-bottom:0 !important;margin-right:0
!important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0
!important;padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right:0
!important;padding-left:0 !important;"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="1" height="1" border="0">
<div
style="display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;"
class="preview">This fall, everyone should get a bivalent
COVID-19 booster. And, really, that’s all you need to know:
Get a vaccine. Any bivalent vaccine. This fall. But, yes, we
can use scientific data to optimize timing and, thus,
protection. How long after infection/last vaccine should you
booster?
</div>
<table role="presentation" class="email-body-container"
width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><br>
</td>
<td class="content" width="550"><br>
</td>
<td><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><br>
</td>
<td class="content" width="550" align="left">
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;
margin: 0 auto; max-width: 550px; overflow-wrap:
break-word; width: 100%;">
<table role="presentation" width="100%"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="height: 40px;" align="right">
<table role="presentation" width="auto"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=281219&post_id=71414663&utm_source=email"
class="tw-font-body tw-text-ssm
tw-text-substack-secondary"
style="color: rgb(128,128,128)
!important; font-family: SF Pro
Text, -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, Inter, Segoe
UI, Roboto, Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif, Apple Color Emoji,
Segoe UI Emoji, Segoe UI Symbol
!important; font-size: 13px
!important;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Open in
browser</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table role="presentation" class="header
graphic-header" style="border-spacing: 0; padding:
16px 0;" width="auto">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="padding: 0; text-align: center;"
align="center"><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly95b3VybG9jYWxlcGlkZW1pb2xvZ2lzdC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vcC9jb25zaWRlcmF0aW9ucy1mb3IteW91ci1mYWxsLWJvb3N0ZXI_dG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSWpvME5qYzVPVE1zSW5CdmMzUmZhV1FpT2pjeE5ERTBOall6TENKcFlYUWlPakUyTmpJeE1qWTVNelVzSW1WNGNDSTZNVFkyTkRjeE9Ea3pOU3dpYVhOeklqb2ljSFZpTFRJNE1USXhPU0lzSW5OMVlpSTZJbkJ2YzNRdGNtVmhZM1JwYjI0aWZRLkFPNVdRQllPVm9wRHc2VDk3U0RMUDBtWVZOeEhveHUwZTloSERZaWl3em8iLCJwIjo3MTQxNDY2MywicyI6MjgxMjE5LCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1Ijo0Njc5OTMsImlhdCI6MTY2MjEyNjkzNSwiZXhwIjoxNjY0NzE4OTM1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.zhznOKsbCiz25BLEEagvcE_ShzGJE69olc1nd4tE82I?"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
role="presentation"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F523ac601-a63a-4d07-906e-bc4e7bfbb83a_2200x440.png"
class="header-image" style="border: none
!important; display: block; height:
auto; margin: 0 auto; max-width: 550px;
vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="550"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="typography" style="font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px;">
<div class="preamble" style="font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px;">
<div dir="auto" class="body markup"
style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;
margin-bottom: 12px; text-align: initial;
width: 100%; word-break: break-word;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;
margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0;"><em><span>Si
quiere leer la versión en español,
pulse </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/c8253727-1474-45e0-aceb-00c938cfdb78?r=a13t"
rel="" style="color: #0068ef;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">aquí</a><span>.</span></em></p>
</div>
<hr style="background: #ebebeb; border: none;
height: 1px; margin: 48px 0; padding: 0;"></div>
</div>
<div dir="auto" class="post typography"
style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;
padding: 16px 0 0 0;">
<div class="post-header" style="font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px;">
<h1 class="post-title short published"
style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color:
#1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display',
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI',
Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple
Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI
Symbol'; font-size: 40px; font-weight: bold;
line-height: 130%; margin: 0.378em 0 0 0;"><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly95b3VybG9jYWxlcGlkZW1pb2xvZ2lzdC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vcC9jb25zaWRlcmF0aW9ucy1mb3IteW91ci1mYWxsLWJvb3N0ZXI_dG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSWpvME5qYzVPVE1zSW5CdmMzUmZhV1FpT2pjeE5ERTBOall6TENKcFlYUWlPakUyTmpJeE1qWTVNelVzSW1WNGNDSTZNVFkyTkRjeE9Ea3pOU3dpYVhOeklqb2ljSFZpTFRJNE1USXhPU0lzSW5OMVlpSTZJbkJ2YzNRdGNtVmhZM1JwYjI0aWZRLkFPNVdRQllPVm9wRHc2VDk3U0RMUDBtWVZOeEhveHUwZTloSERZaWl3em8iLCJwIjo3MTQxNDY2MywicyI6MjgxMjE5LCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1Ijo0Njc5OTMsImlhdCI6MTY2MjEyNjkzNSwiZXhwIjoxNjY0NzE4OTM1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.zhznOKsbCiz25BLEEagvcE_ShzGJE69olc1nd4tE82I?"
style="color: #1a1a1a; text-decoration:
none;" moz-do-not-send="true">Considerations
for your fall booster</a></h1>
<table class="meta-author-wrap with-photo"
style="margin: 1em 0;">
<tbody>
<tr class="meta-author-wrap-row">
<td>
<div class="user-head "
style="font-size: 16px; line-height:
26px;"><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/eba8116b-f224-4c8b-9716-9c7089236a7d?r=a13t"
moz-do-not-send="true">
<div class="profile-img-wrap"
style="font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; position:
relative;"><img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_90,h_90,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb1cf8441-2181-452a-a5af-364eb49b32b5_828x1792.png"
alt="" style="border: none
!important; border-radius: 50%;
cursor: pointer; display: block;
height: 45px; max-width: 550px;
vertical-align: middle; width:
45px;" moz-do-not-send="true"
width="45" height="45"></div>
</a></div>
</td>
<td class="meta-author-contents">
<div class="meta-right-column"
style="font-size: 16px; line-height:
1em; margin-left: 12px;">
<div class="meta-author" style="color:
#767676; font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI',
Roboto, Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji',
'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol';
font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px;"><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/eba8116b-f224-4c8b-9716-9c7089236a7d?r=a13t"
style="color: #1a1a1a;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Katelyn
Jetelina</a></div>
<table class="post-meta custom"
style="align-items: center; height:
20px; margin: 4px 0 0 0;"
cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td
title="2022-09-02T13:55:13.933Z"
class="post-meta-item
post-date" style="color:
#767676; font-family:
-apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe
UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif, 'Apple Color
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji',
'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size:
14px; font-weight: 400;
height: 14px; padding: 0px
12px 0px 0; padding-bottom:
2px; padding-top: 2px;
position: relative;
text-decoration: none;
white-space: nowrap;"><time
datetime="2022-09-02T13:55:13.933Z">Sep
2</time></td>
<td class="post-meta-item icon"
style="color: #767676;
font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe
UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif, 'Apple Color
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji',
'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size:
14px; font-weight: 400;
height: 14px; padding: 0px
12px 0px 0; padding-bottom: 0;
padding-top: 0; position:
relative; text-decoration:
none; text-indent: 3px;
white-space: nowrap;"><span
class="post-meta-icon
like-reaction-button"><a
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=281219&post_id=71414663&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo0Njc5OTMsInBvc3RfaWQiOjcxNDE0NjYzLCJyZWFjdGlvbiI6IuKdpCIsImlhdCI6MTY2MjEyNjkzNSwiZXhwIjoxNjY0NzE4OTM1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMjgxMjE5Iiwic3ViIjoicmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.o8-PkUwflEx4oVhVe17lOfFeBibPqY8W71bU3bpYFrc"
class="like-button"
style="color: #767676;
display: block;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dtransparent%26stroke%3D%2523757575%26strokeWidth%3D2"
style="border: none
!important; display:
inline-block; float:
left; height: 14px;
max-width: 18px;
vertical-align: top;
width: auto;" alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="18" height="18"></a></span></td>
<td class="post-meta-item icon"
style="color: #767676;
font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe
UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif, 'Apple Color
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji',
'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size:
14px; font-weight: 400;
height: 14px; padding: 0px
12px 0px 0; padding-bottom: 0;
padding-top: 0; position:
relative; text-decoration:
none; text-indent: 3px;
white-space: nowrap;"><a
class=""
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=281219&post_id=71414663&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo0Njc5OTMsInBvc3RfaWQiOjcxNDE0NjYzLCJpYXQiOjE2NjIxMjY5MzUsImV4cCI6MTY2NDcxODkzNSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTI4MTIxOSIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.AO5WQBYOVopDw6T97SDLP0mYVNxHoxu0e9hHDYiiwzo&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
style="color: #767676;
display: block;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dtransparent%26stroke%3D%2523757575%26strokeWidth%3D2"
style="border: none
!important; display:
inline-block; float: left;
height: 14px; max-width:
18px; vertical-align: top;
width: auto;"
alt="Comment"
class="comment-icon
post-meta-icon"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="18" height="18"></a></td>
<td class="post-meta-item icon"
style="color: #767676;
font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe
UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif, 'Apple Color
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji',
'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size:
14px; font-weight: 400;
height: 14px; margin-right: 0;
padding: 0px 12px 0px 0;
padding-bottom: 0;
padding-right: 0; padding-top:
0; position: relative;
text-decoration: none;
text-indent: 3px; white-space:
nowrap;"><span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly95b3VybG9jYWxlcGlkZW1pb2xvZ2lzdC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vcC9jb25zaWRlcmF0aW9ucy1mb3IteW91ci1mYWxsLWJvb3N0ZXI_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.C5rbQRY07_MPrTVfZJM3g03kp5Lwo_Y9LYuz0pbo_-Y?"
style="color: #767676;
display: block;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dtransparent%26stroke%3D%2523757575%26strokeWidth%3D2"
style="border: none
!important; display:
inline-block; float:
left; height: 14px;
max-width: 18px;
vertical-align: top;
width: auto;"
alt="Share"
class="recommend-icon
post-meta-icon"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="18" height="18"></a></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div dir="auto" class="post typography"
style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;
padding: 16px 0 0 0;">
<div dir="auto" class="body markup"
style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;
margin-bottom: 12px; text-align: initial; width:
100%; word-break: break-word;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;
margin-top: 0;">This fall, everyone should get
a bivalent COVID-19 booster. And, really,
that’s all you need to know: Get a vaccine.
Any bivalent vaccine. This fall.</p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><span>But,
yes, we </span><em>can </em><span>use
scientific data to optimize timing and,
thus, protection. </span></p>
<h4 class="header-with-anchor-widget"
style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color:
#1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display',
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI',
Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple
Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI
Symbol'; font-size: 1.125em; font-weight:
bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0
0.625em 0; position: relative;">How long after
infection/last vaccine should you booster? </h4>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><span>The
aspect of timing is, to me, the most tricky
part. It really depends on your last
infection and/or vaccine </span><em>and</em><span>
risk tolerance. </span></p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><em><strong>Infection:
</strong></em><span>If you’ve been
previously infected, the “official” CDC
guidance says you can get your vaccine
immediately following recovery from symptoms
or, at maximum, defer up to 3 months after
infection. We do not </span><em>have </em><span>to
wait 3 months after infection. We won’t
“exhaust” or “overwhelm” our immune system,
but by delaying we get the biggest bang for
our vaccine buck. </span></p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><span>This
week a really great </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/20423ea3-b017-4f27-9dc8-970ecac58af7?r=a13t"
rel="" style="color: #0068ef;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">preprint</a><span>
found a booster doesn’t add much benefit
within 2 months (60 days) of infection.
While it increases neutralizing antibodies
(our body’s first line of defense that
prevents infection and transmission), it
will not broaden the memory of B cells (our
second line of defense and long
term-memory). So wait at least 2 months. </span></p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">Unfortunately,
beyond that, we don’t know the optimal timing.
</p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><span>The
same is true with </span><em><strong>previous
vaccination</strong></em><span>. The
“official” guidance says to wait 2 months
after last vaccine. And that makes sense
given this latest preprint. However, we may
benefit from a longer delay. It’s not random
that the UK recommends 12 weeks (3 months)
between doses.</span></p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">How
much longer to delay should take into account:
individual risk (age, comorbidities); degree
in which you don’t want to miss an event
(because you’re sick) or an event is high risk
(wedding, family vacation); and/or not wanting
to be sick in general (for example, if someone
depends on you). I recommend the following:</p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left:
8px; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 4px;
mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;"><strong><2-3 months
since infection/vaccination: </strong><span>Wait.</span></p>
</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left:
8px; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 4px;
mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;"><strong>3-4 months
since infection/vaccination:</strong><span>
Consider a booster if you’re high risk,
or have an event. (Get your booster 2
weeks before this event for optimal
protection).</span></p>
</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left:
8px; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 4px;
mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;"><strong>4-6 months
since infection/vaccination: </strong><span>Get
your booster at some point.</span></p>
</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left:
8px; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 4px;
mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;"><strong>6+ months since
infection/vaccination:</strong><span>
Get your booster ASAP. This includes
me—I haven’t been infected, and I had my
booster last November.</span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 class="header-with-anchor-widget"
style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color:
#1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display',
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI',
Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple
Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI
Symbol'; font-size: 1.125em; font-weight:
bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0
0.625em 0; position: relative;">Does it matter
if you had a BA.1, BA.2, or BA.5 infection?</h4>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><span>A
previous Omicron infection (BA.1 or BA2) </span><em>does</em><span>
protect well against BA.5. By now we have
real world data from </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/84977b9e-c07c-40d2-912c-bf3d57659d64?r=a13t"
rel="" style="color: #0068ef;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Portugal</a><span>,
Qatar, and </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/6bbefa18-e7ef-424a-a522-05e221a8b550?r=a13t"
rel="" style="color: #0068ef;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Denmark</a><span>.
But, regardless, everyone will benefit from
a bivalent booster in one way or another. </span></p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">First,
a booster will increase neutralizing
antibodies, at least temporarily, to help
prevent infection and transmission. It’s not
perfect, but we hope this will last for 6
months.</p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">Second,
a booster will help your secondary line of
defense differently, depending on type of
previous infection:</p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left:
8px; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 4px;
mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;
margin-bottom: 0;"><em><strong>BA.1
infection</strong></em><span>: An
infection during the first Omicron wave
(December, January, February) means you
likely had a BA.1 infection. In the
Omicron family, BA.1 is farthest from
BA.5 (see tree below). This means your
B-cells can be updated to remember BA.5.
</span></p>
<div
class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;
margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center;">
<figure style="display: inline-block;
margin: 0 auto; width: 100%;">
<table class="image-wrapper"
style="margin: 8px auto;
mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;"
width="100%" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td class="content"
style="text-align: center;"
width="512" align="left"><a
class="image-link"
target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/84dc9a12-db8d-45a2-a899-ff67c511ebce?r=a13t"
rel="" style="align-items:
center; border: none; display:
block; flex-direction: column;
height: auto; margin: 0;
padding: 0; position:
relative; text-decoration:
none; width: auto;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
data-attrs="{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d2076782-a6fe-4375-9332-605b1f77b1e6_866x487.jpeg","fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":487,"width":866,"resizeWidth":512,"bytes":null,"alt":"Image","title":null,"type":null,"href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"internalRedirect":null}"
alt="Image" title="Image"
class=""
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_512,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd2076782-a6fe-4375-9332-605b1f77b1e6_866x487.jpeg"
style="-ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; border: none !important;
display: block; height:
auto; margin: 0 auto;
margin-bottom: 0; max-width:
100% !important;
vertical-align: middle;
width: auto !important;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="512"
height="287.92609699769054"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>
</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left:
8px; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 4px;
mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;"><em><strong>BA.2
infection</strong></em><span>: BA.2 is
closer to BA.5. This means your B cells
looks more like BA.5 than, for example,
BA.1. Because it’s close, the booster
will solidify BA.2 immunity </span><em>and
</em><span>widen protection to other BA.2</span><em>
</em><span>variants. The booster will also
provide immunity to BA.5 for future
protection.</span></p>
</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left:
8px; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 4px;
mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;"><em><strong>BA.5
infection</strong></em><span>: A
booster will reactivate your B cells.
This will theoretically ensure longer
term protection against BA.5.</span></p>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 class="header-with-anchor-widget"
style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color:
#1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display',
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI',
Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple
Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI
Symbol'; font-size: 1.125em; font-weight:
bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0
0.625em 0; position: relative;">Mixing and
matching </h4>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">If
you’ve only had an entire Moderna series, you
may see marginal benefit from getting a Pfizer
bivalent booster (and vice versa). But, to be
honest, the science is mixed and isn’t very
strong. So, my official recommendation is to
just get the vaccine that is most easily
accessible. </p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><span>There
is one case in which I think it </span><em>does
</em><span>matter: If you’re a male and under
the age of 30, your risk of myocarditis is
higher. I would go for a Pfizer, as it has
less RNA than the Moderna vaccine and will
theoretically decrease risk. </span></p>
<h4 class="header-with-anchor-widget"
style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color:
#1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display',
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI',
Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple
Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI
Symbol'; font-size: 1.125em; font-weight:
bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0
0.625em 0; position: relative;">What about a
Novavax booster?</h4>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><span>About
14,000 Americans have gotten the Novavax
primary series, thus far. Novavax says that
their bivalent booster should be authorized
for emergency use soon. The Novavax series
works great. But, I wouldn’t necessarily
wait for it. As I’ve </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/26d1ed12-1efd-4b65-a6b6-791fc51f31db?r=a13t"
rel="" style="color: #0068ef;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">written before</a><span>,
mixing your mRNA primary series with Novavax
just doesn’t show the additional benefit we
hoped it would. </span></p>
<h4 class="header-with-anchor-widget"
style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color:
#1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display',
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI',
Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple
Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI
Symbol'; font-size: 1.125em; font-weight:
bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0
0.625em 0; position: relative;">Kids under 12</h4>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">For
those 5-11 years old, the bivalent vaccine
should be coming by the end of the year. If
your child is eligible now for their third
dose, I personally wouldn’t wait for the
bivalent. I would get them up-to-date now so
they are fully protected in school. They can
get the updated booster once it’s available.</p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">For
those under 5, the plan is not clear. We’re
still waiting on dose 3 data for Moderna (I am
expecting this any day), but this data will be
for BA.1 dose 3 (not a BA.5 bivalent vaccine).
No word yet on a fall booster after the
primary Pfizer series (which would equate to
dose 4). As a parent, I will keep tabs on
this. </p>
<h4 class="header-with-anchor-widget"
style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color:
#1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display',
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI',
Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple
Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI
Symbol'; font-size: 1.125em; font-weight:
bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0
0.625em 0; position: relative;">What about
mixing with other vaccines, like the flu
vaccine? </h4>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">You can
the flu vaccine (and other routine vaccines)
and bivalent booster at the same visit. It’s
recommended to administer in different arms. </p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><span>There
have been </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/e49e2f7e-a584-4915-9d32-43fd85e65a78?r=a13t"
rel="" style="color: #0068ef;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">studies </a><span>on
the safety and effectiveness of the
co-administration of these two vaccines. In
one database, about 454,000 people got the
flu and COVID-19 vaccines during the
2021-2022 flu season. Both vaccines worked
great if they are co-administered.
Generally, the rate of side effects was the
same or a little higher; however, no
specific safety concerns were identified.</span></p>
<div class="captioned-image-container-static"
style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;
margin-bottom: 16px; text-align: center;">
<figure style="display: inline-block; margin:
0 auto; width: 100%;">
<table class="image-wrapper" style="margin:
8px auto; mso-padding-alt: 1em 0 1.6em;"
width="100%" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0" border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td class="content" style="text-align:
center;" width="1456" align="left"><a
class="image-link" target="_blank"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/dbbc77ca-50d9-46b6-9f0d-1a132407c141?r=a13t"
rel="" style="align-items: center;
border: none; display: block;
flex-direction: column; height:
auto; margin: 0; padding: 0;
position: relative;
text-decoration: none; width:
auto;" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
data-attrs="{"src":"https://bucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/06386ff0-7d5f-467c-a279-aa37f3fc23d7_2362x815.png","fullscreen":null,"imageSize":null,"height":502,"width":1456,"resizeWidth":null,"bytes":227332,"alt":null,"title":null,"type":"image/png","href":null,"belowTheFold":true,"internalRedirect":null}"
alt="" class="wide-image"
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_2912,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F06386ff0-7d5f-467c-a279-aa37f3fc23d7_2362x815.png"
style="-ms-interpolation-mode:
bicubic; border: none
!important; display: block;
height: auto; margin: 0 auto;
margin-bottom: 0; max-width:
100% !important; vertical-align:
middle; width: auto !important;"
moz-do-not-send="true"
width="550"
height="189.62912087912088"></a></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<figcaption class="image-caption"
style="color: #767676; font-family:
sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight:
300; line-height: 1.4em; text-align:
center;">(CDC)</figcaption></figure>
</div>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><span>The
CDC </span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/fadca5cd-85d4-43eb-8191-8c574eda4c0d?r=a13t"
rel="" style="color: #0068ef;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">recommend</a><span>s
spacing the COVID-19 booster with Jynneos
(monkeypox vaccine), especially in young
men, 4 weeks apart. If there is need for
Jynneos in terms of an outbreak, don’t wait!
But consider delaying the booster after
Jynneos. This is based on the fact that
myocarditis is higher among the second
generation monkeypox vaccine (called
ACAM2000), and we don’t know why. We haven’t
seen these safety signals with Jynneos
(third generation monkeypox vaccine), but we
are proceeding with caution.</span></p>
<h4 class="header-with-anchor-widget"
style="-moz-osx-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color:
#1a1a1a; font-family: 'SF Compact Display',
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI',
Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple
Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI
Symbol'; font-size: 1.125em; font-weight:
bold; line-height: 1.16em; margin: 1em 0
0.625em 0; position: relative;">Bottom line</h4>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">I’ll be
in line for my booster soon. And I couldn’t be
more excited. Be sure you get yours in the
coming months, too. It will help in one way or
another. </p>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">Love,
YLE </p>
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">
<hr style="background: #ebebeb; border: none;
height: 1px; margin: 48px 0; padding: 0;"></div>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;">In case
you missed it:</p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0;">
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left:
8px; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 4px;
mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;"><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/461827c3-0ef5-4c73-8824-3a7da82f4073?r=a13t"
rel="" style="color: #0068ef;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Fall boosters
ACIP meeting: Cliff notes</a></p>
</li>
<li style="margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left:
8px; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 4px;
mso-special-format: bullet;">
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0;
margin-bottom: 0;"><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/690befe3-50d0-4962-8e8f-911478777834?r=a13t"
rel="" style="color: #0068ef;
text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Fall boosters: An
update</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<div style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;">
<hr style="background: #ebebeb; border: none;
height: 1px; margin: 48px 0; padding: 0;"></div>
<p style="color: #1a1a1a; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em 0;"><em>“Your
Local Epidemiologist (YLE)” is written by
Dr. Katelyn Jetelina, MPH PhD—an
epidemiologist, biostatistician, wife, and
mom of two little girls. During the day she
works at a nonpartisan health policy think
tank, and at night she writes this
newsletter. Her main goal is to “translate”
the ever-evolving public health science so
that people will be well equipped to make
evidence-based decisions. This newsletter is
free thanks to the generous support of
fellow YLE community members.</em></p>
<div class="subscribe-widget is-signed-up"
style="direction: ltr; font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 0 0 1em;
margin-bottom: 0;">
<p class="button-wrapper" style="color:
#1a1a1a; font-size: 16px; line-height: 26px;
margin: 0 0 1em 0; text-align: center;"><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly95b3VybG9jYWxlcGlkZW1pb2xvZ2lzdC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc3Vic2NyaWJlP3Rva2VuPWV5SjFjMlZ5WDJsa0lqbzBOamM1T1RNc0ltbGhkQ0k2TVRZMk1qRXlOamt6TlN3aVpYaHdJam94TmpZME56RTRPVE0xTENKcGMzTWlPaUp3ZFdJdE1qZ3hNakU1SWl3aWMzVmlJam9pWTJobFkydHZkWFFpZlEub1VuVG8yR1VBaUozR0dLcDBIRFViaHZwZ2RManR1LUU1aktGTHdkem1VZyZ1dG1fc291cmNlPXBvc3QiLCJwIjo3MTQxNDY2MywicyI6MjgxMjE5LCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1Ijo0Njc5OTMsImlhdCI6MTY2MjEyNjkzNSwiZXhwIjoxNjY0NzE4OTM1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.HVpn_AxrcAtznOLgzBi9zpEi6kAnvhlnhMh2uWRogkw?&utm_medium=email&utm_source=subscribe-widget&utm_content=71414663"
class="button subscribe-btn primary"
style="background-color: #0068EF; border:
none; border-radius: 4px; box-sizing:
border-box; color: #ffffff !important;
cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;
font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto,
Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI
Symbol'; font-size: 16px; font-weight:
normal; height: auto; line-height: 20px;
margin: 0 auto; opacity: 1; outline: none;
padding: 12px 20px; text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
white-space: nowrap;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:
#ffffff; text-decoration: none;">Upgrade
to paid</span></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<table class="post-meta custom big alternative-meta
centered" style="margin: 0 auto;" cellspacing="0"
cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr style="align-items: center; display: flex;">
<td class="post-meta-item icon" style="color:
#767676; font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto,
Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol';
font-size: 14px; height: 100%; line-height:
18px; padding: 0px 12px 0px 0;
padding-right: 16px; position: relative;
text-decoration: none; text-indent: 3px;
white-space: nowrap;"><span
class="post-meta-icon
like-reaction-button"><a
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=281219&post_id=71414663&isFreemail=true&submitLike=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo0Njc5OTMsInBvc3RfaWQiOjcxNDE0NjYzLCJyZWFjdGlvbiI6IuKdpCIsImlhdCI6MTY2MjEyNjkzNSwiZXhwIjoxNjY0NzE4OTM1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMjgxMjE5Iiwic3ViIjoicmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.o8-PkUwflEx4oVhVe17lOfFeBibPqY8W71bU3bpYFrc"
class="like-button button
post-meta-button" style="align-items:
center; background-color: transparent;
border: 1px solid #ebebeb;
border-radius: 4px; box-sizing:
border-box; color: #1a1a1a; cursor:
pointer; display: flex; font-family:
-apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont,
'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe
UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size:
16px; font-weight: normal; height: auto;
line-height: 15px; margin: 0; opacity:
1; outline: none; padding: 10px 16px;
text-align: center; text-decoration:
none; text-indent: 0px; white-space:
nowrap;" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideHeart%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dtransparent%26stroke%3D%2523757575%26strokeWidth%3D2"
style="border: none !important;
display: inline-block; float: left;
height: 14px; margin-right: 4px;
max-width: 18px; vertical-align: top;
width: auto;" alt=""
moz-do-not-send="true" width="18"
height="18"><span class="like-count"
style="color: #1a1a1a; margin-left:
7px;">Like</span></a></span></td>
<td class="post-meta-item icon" style="color:
#767676; font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto,
Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol';
font-size: 14px; height: 100%; line-height:
18px; padding: 0px 12px 0px 0;
padding-right: 16px; position: relative;
text-decoration: none; text-indent: 3px;
white-space: nowrap;"><a
href="https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=281219&post_id=71414663&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&isFreemail=true&comments=true&token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo0Njc5OTMsInBvc3RfaWQiOjcxNDE0NjYzLCJpYXQiOjE2NjIxMjY5MzUsImV4cCI6MTY2NDcxODkzNSwiaXNzIjoicHViLTI4MTIxOSIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.AO5WQBYOVopDw6T97SDLP0mYVNxHoxu0e9hHDYiiwzo&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email"
class="post-meta-button button"
style="align-items: center;
background-color: transparent; border: 1px
solid #ebebeb; border-radius: 4px;
box-sizing: border-box; color: #1a1a1a;
cursor: pointer; display: flex;
font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto,
Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI
Symbol'; font-size: 16px; font-weight:
normal; height: auto; line-height: 15px;
margin: 0; opacity: 1; outline: none;
padding: 10px 16px; text-align: center;
text-decoration: none; white-space:
nowrap;" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideComments%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dtransparent%26stroke%3D%2523757575%26strokeWidth%3D2"
style="border: none !important; display:
inline-block; float: left; height: 14px;
margin-right: 4px; max-width: 18px;
vertical-align: top; width: auto;"
alt="Comment" class="comment-icon
post-meta-icon" moz-do-not-send="true"
width="18" height="18"><span
class="meta-button-label">Comment</span></a></td>
<td class="post-meta-item icon" style="color:
#767676; font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto,
Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol';
font-size: 14px; height: 100%; line-height:
18px; margin-right: 0; padding: 0px 12px 0px
0; padding-right: 0; position: relative;
text-decoration: none; text-indent: 3px;
white-space: nowrap;"><span><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly95b3VybG9jYWxlcGlkZW1pb2xvZ2lzdC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vcC9jb25zaWRlcmF0aW9ucy1mb3IteW91ci1mYWxsLWJvb3N0ZXI_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.C5rbQRY07_MPrTVfZJM3g03kp5Lwo_Y9LYuz0pbo_-Y?"
class="button post-meta-button"
style="align-items: center;
background-color: transparent; border:
1px solid #ebebeb; border-radius: 4px;
box-sizing: border-box; color: #1a1a1a;
cursor: pointer; display: flex;
font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto,
Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple
Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe
UI Symbol'; font-size: 16px;
font-weight: normal; height: auto;
line-height: 15px; margin: 0; opacity:
1; outline: none; padding: 10px 16px;
text-align: center; text-decoration:
none; white-space: nowrap;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dtransparent%26stroke%3D%2523757575%26strokeWidth%3D2"
style="border: none !important;
display: inline-block; float: left;
height: 14px; margin-right: 4px;
max-width: 18px; vertical-align: top;
width: auto;" alt="Share"
class="recommend-icon post-meta-icon"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="18"
height="18"><span
class="meta-button-label">Share</span></a></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="post-cta" style="font-size: 16px;
line-height: 26px; margin: 24px 0 40px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; font-style: italic;
line-height: 26px; margin: 24px 0 0; margin-top:
0;"><span>You’re a free subscriber to <a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/6e796f52-c23b-408b-8027-e705b584a7c3?r=a13t"
style="color: #0068ef; text-decoration:
none;" moz-do-not-send="true">Your Local
Epidemiologist</a>. For the full experience,
<a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly95b3VybG9jYWxlcGlkZW1pb2xvZ2lzdC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc3Vic2NyaWJlP3Rva2VuPWV5SjFjMlZ5WDJsa0lqbzBOamM1T1RNc0ltbGhkQ0k2TVRZMk1qRXlOamt6TlN3aVpYaHdJam94TmpZME56RTRPVE0xTENKcGMzTWlPaUp3ZFdJdE1qZ3hNakU1SWl3aWMzVmlJam9pWTJobFkydHZkWFFpZlEub1VuVG8yR1VBaUozR0dLcDBIRFViaHZwZ2RManR1LUU1aktGTHdkem1VZyZ1dG1fc291cmNlPXBvc3QiLCJwIjo3MTQxNDY2MywicyI6MjgxMjE5LCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1Ijo0Njc5OTMsImlhdCI6MTY2MjEyNjkzNSwiZXhwIjoxNjY0NzE4OTM1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.HVpn_AxrcAtznOLgzBi9zpEi6kAnvhlnhMh2uWRogkw?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=postcta"
style="color: #0068ef; text-decoration:
none;" moz-do-not-send="true">become a paid
subscriber.</a></span></p>
<p class="cta-box" style="font-size: 16px;
font-style: italic; line-height: 26px; margin:
24px 0 0; text-align: center;"><a role="button"
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly95b3VybG9jYWxlcGlkZW1pb2xvZ2lzdC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vc3Vic2NyaWJlP3Rva2VuPWV5SjFjMlZ5WDJsa0lqbzBOamM1T1RNc0ltbGhkQ0k2TVRZMk1qRXlOamt6TlN3aVpYaHdJam94TmpZME56RTRPVE0xTENKcGMzTWlPaUp3ZFdJdE1qZ3hNakU1SWl3aWMzVmlJam9pWTJobFkydHZkWFFpZlEub1VuVG8yR1VBaUozR0dLcDBIRFViaHZwZ2RManR1LUU1aktGTHdkem1VZyZ1dG1fc291cmNlPXBvc3QiLCJwIjo3MTQxNDY2MywicyI6MjgxMjE5LCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1Ijo0Njc5OTMsImlhdCI6MTY2MjEyNjkzNSwiZXhwIjoxNjY0NzE4OTM1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.HVpn_AxrcAtznOLgzBi9zpEi6kAnvhlnhMh2uWRogkw?&utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=postcta"
class="button primary subscribe-btn"
style="background-color: #0068EF; border: 0px
solid #0068EF; border-radius: 4px;
border-width: 13px 20px 13px 18px; box-sizing:
content-box; color: #ffffff !important;
cursor: pointer; display: inline-block;
font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto,
Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol';
font-size: 17px; font-style: normal;
font-weight: 300; height: 24px; line-height:
24px; margin: 0; opacity: 1; outline: none;
padding: 0; text-align: center;
text-decoration: none !important;
vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;"
moz-do-not-send="true">Subscribe</a></p>
</div>
<div class="footer hasMargin" style="background:
#f5f5f5 !important; color: #808080; font-size:
16px; line-height: 26px; margin-top: 24px;
padding: 24px; text-align: center;">
<p class="small" style="color: #808080;
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont,
'Segoe UI', Roboto, Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif, 'Apple Color Emoji', 'Segoe UI
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol'; font-size: 14px;
line-height: 22px; margin: 0; padding-bottom:
16px;">© 2022 <span>Your Local Epidemiologist</span><br>
548 Market Street PMB 72296, San Francisco, CA
94104 <br>
<a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly95b3VybG9jYWxlcGlkZW1pb2xvZ2lzdC5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20vYWN0aW9uL2Rpc2FibGVfZW1haWw_dG9rZW49ZXlKMWMyVnlYMmxrSWpvME5qYzVPVE1zSW5CdmMzUmZhV1FpT2pjeE5ERTBOall6TENKcFlYUWlPakUyTmpJeE1qWTVNelVzSW1WNGNDSTZNVFkyTkRjeE9Ea3pOU3dpYVhOeklqb2ljSFZpTFRJNE1USXhPU0lzSW5OMVlpSTZJbVJwYzJGaWJHVmZaVzFoYVd3aWZRLk5xemdPZUpRaUlnN3FydkR5Vy1uUzhQTWV5MWctMHVmcUlIWkpFMi11UUkiLCJwIjo3MTQxNDY2MywicyI6MjgxMjE5LCJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1Ijo0Njc5OTMsImlhdCI6MTY2MjEyNjkzNSwiZXhwIjoxNjY0NzE4OTM1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImxpbmstcmVkaXJlY3QifQ.iGX1PEAy65GpY0hJ0Ygry5N9XU7B-GxLpFDXpxFBu1k?"
style="color: #0068ef; text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:
#808080; text-decoration: underline;">Unsubscribe</span></a></p>
<p class="small powered-by-substack" style="color:
#808080; font-family: -apple-system,
BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto,
Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, 'Apple Color
Emoji', 'Segoe UI Emoji', 'Segoe UI Symbol';
font-size: 14px; line-height: 22px; margin: 0;
margin-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;"><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/75018bf0-99be-430b-bafd-c38021241771?r=a13t"
style="color: #0068ef; display: inline-block;
margin: 8px 4px 0; text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_260,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fapp-button%402x.png"
srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_130,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fapp-button.png,
https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_260,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fapp-button%402x.png
2x,
https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_390,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fapp-button%403x.png
3x" alt="Get the app" style="border: none
!important; max-width: 550px;
vertical-align: middle;"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="130"
height="40"></a><a
href="https://substack.com/redirect/dbc40475-46d1-49e2-85d7-934facb1bd18?r=a13t"
style="color: #0068ef; display: inline-block;
margin: 8px 4px 0; text-decoration: none;"
moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_270,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%402x.png"
srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_135,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button.png,
https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_270,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%402x.png
2x,
https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_405,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Femail%2Fpublish-button%403x.png
3x" alt="Start writing" style="border: none
!important; max-width: 550px;
vertical-align: middle;"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="135"
height="40"></a></p>
</div>
</div>
</td>
<td><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<img
src="https://mailgun.substack.com/api/v1/email/open?token=eyJtIjoiPDIwMjIwOTAyMTM1NTA5LjMuZDNmYTkzMDJkNDE0ZjM0NEBtZy1kMS5zdWJzdGFjay5jb20-IiwidSI6NDY3OTkzLCJyIjoibWFubnlAcmF0YWZpYXMuY29tIiwiZCI6Im1nLWQxLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbSIsInAiOjcxNDE0NjYzLCJ0IjoibmV3c2xldHRlciIsImEiOiJldmVyeW9uZSIsInMiOjI4MTIxOSwiYyI6InBvc3QiLCJmIjp0cnVlLCJwb3NpdGlvbiI6ImJvdHRvbSIsImlhdCI6MTY2MjEyNjkzNSwiZXhwIjoxNjY0NzE4OTM1LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMCIsInN1YiI6ImVvIn0.H4jts1pH-WOG9FfvMGI_NTUKYwAVDZxsrR2oAsJGH40"
alt="" style="height:1px !important;width:1px
!important;border-width:0 !important;margin-top:0
!important;margin-bottom:0 !important;margin-right:0
!important;margin-left:0 !important;padding-top:0
!important;padding-bottom:0 !important;padding-right:0
!important;padding-left:0 !important;"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="1" height="1" border="0"><img
alt=""
src="https://email.mg-d1.substack.com/o/eJw9UMluxSAQ-5pya8QWEg58C2IZUlQCTyyt8vclL1JvI4_H9tiZDkepl3qV1hGcJiZ9QIY6ca9NV0QISqiQbN05QV4xafHuBIpNhwrvA9XrAPQaNkVneixZR6_oTiiR6EuRAIRbtmIqiSVWmmCx27edbSBWCAbdztoMHyE7UPAD9SoZkCvnCbnfWg9lDhvhhAvBUFQUU4olpoStK5YLWzwLRjJM_aQExvkHx-fx6cnShm3duO9lKqKqTpPzNZfzQxOiaW94hte34cixXxqysQn881d_qhkN6h2Bi01K9iTq1wtUht-WoHeoaDr5MhvJ6iqjpuJMglf0cMaSyhHvgv_75NsfCbl_og"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="1px" height="1px">
<div id="DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br>
<table style="border-top: 1px solid #D3D4DE;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 55px; padding-top: 13px;"><a
href="http://www.avg.com/email-signature?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><img
src="https://s-install.avcdn.net/ipm/preview/icons/icon-envelope-tick-green-avg-v1.png"
alt=" width=" 46"="" style="width: 46px; height:
29px;" moz-do-not-send="true" height="29"></a></td>
<td style="width: 470px; padding-top: 12px; color:
#41424e; font-size: 13px; font-family: Arial,
Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 18px;">Virus-free.<a
href="http://www.avg.com/email-signature?utm_medium=email&utm_source=link&utm_campaign=sig-email&utm_content=emailclient"
target="_blank" style="color: #4453ea;"
moz-do-not-send="true">www.avg.com</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<a href="#DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2" width="1"
height="1" moz-do-not-send="true"> </a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>